Observations on the Black-winged Kite in Portugal with preliminary notes on its status

many, if not most, ornithologists about the Black-winged Kite (Elanm caeruleus) as a European breeding species. Indeed, even a superficial survey of the literature shows that this doubt has always been present, and the majority of books on European birds are either very cautiousand non-committal or content to say that it 'occurs occasionally' in south-west Europe without stating that it breeds there...